Causative
Form, Active and Passive
In
English, the causative form is used when we don't do someting ourselves,
instead we arrange for someone else to do it for us.
There
are two kinds of causative structure:
Active Causative
Passive Causative
A. Active Causative
Verbs
that take active forms of causative are Let,
Make, Have, and Get
Let
Let is used when we want to allow someone to do
something.
Pattern
let agent verb
Example: She lets me borrow her
book.
explanation:
let agent verb
She lets me borrow her book.
Make
Make is used when we want to force someone to do
something.
Pattern
make agent verb
Example: My mother makes me do my
home work.
explanation:
make agent verb
My
mother makes me do my homework.
Have
Have is used when we want to give someone the
responsbility to do something.
Pattern
have agent verb
Example: My English teacher has me
do the homework in a week.
explanation:
have/has agent verb
My
English teacher has
me do the home work in a week.
Get
Get is used when we want to convince to do
something or to trick someone into doing something.
Pattern
get agent to verb
Example: My friends get me to take
the test.
explanation:
get agent to verb
My
friends get me to take the
quiz.
Get vs. Have
Sometimes
"get someone to do something" is interchangeable with "have
someone do something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same
thing.
Examples:
My friends get me to take the test.
It
can be meant that I am actually not encouraged to take the test, but my friends
convince me to take that.
My
friends have me take the test.
It
means that my friends ask me to take the quiz.
B. Passive Causative
There
are two verbs generally used in the passive causative form; they are Have and
Get. In addition, there is usually no agent in this form; it's not like in
active form which has the agent. The action verb is in the past participle, and
the object comes before it. The difference between have and get in this passive
causative form is the same like in active causative form explained aboved.
Pattern
Subject Have/Get Object Past Participle
Examples:
I
ask someone to fix my car.
= I
have my car fixed.
She asked
John to wash the plate.
=
She got the plate washed.
Exception
But, if the verb get followed by personal nouns,
past participle can't be used in it. Instead, we must use to infinitive. So it
will become just like in active causative form.
Pattern
Subject Get Object
(personal noun) to verb
I
get the house painted
I
get John to paint the house.
In addition, modal auxiliary verbs may be used
with the causative sentence structure. Most often, modals express a suggestion
by the speaker, such as:
You
should have your hair cut.
He
should get his decision changed
She
will have the food cooked.
Need & Want
Need and want may be used in passive causative
sentences. In some cases, the passive causative verb (had/got) may be dropped
altogether.??
I
need/want to have my hair cut.
I
need/want my hair cut.
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